Article by Dr Raghuram Y.S. MD (Ay) & Dr Manasa S, B.A.M.S
Acharya Sushruta, within the context of Vyadhi Pariksha – examination of illnesses has touched upon the ideas of Upasarga, Prakkevala and Anya Lakshana sorts of illnesses.
Ref – Sushruta Sutra Sthana Chapter 35, verses 18, 19 (Su.Su.35/18, 19)
On this article we are going to attempt to perceive these three situations.
Vyadhi pariksha: Examination of illnesses
व्याधिविशेषास्तु प्रागभिहिताः; सर्व एवैते त्रिविधाः- साध्या, याप्याः प्रत्याख्येयाश्च । तत्रैतान् भूयस्त्रिधा, परीक्षेत-किमयमौपसर्गिकः; प्राक्केवलः, अन्यलक्षण इति। तत्र, औपसर्गिको नाम यः पूर्वोत्पन्नं व्याधिं जघन्यकालजातो व्याधिरुपसॄजति, स तन्मूल एवोपद्रवसंज्ञः, प्रक्केलमो नाम यः प्रगेवोत्पन्नो व्याधिरपूर्वरूपोऽनुपद्रवश्च; अन्यलक्षणो नाम यो भाविष्यद्वचाधिख्यापक:, स पूर्वरूपसंज्ञः । तत्र, सोपद्रवमन्योन्याविरोधेनोपक्रमेत, बलवन्तमुपद्रवं वा; प्राक्केवलं यथास्वं प्रति कुर्वीत; अन्यलक्षणे त्वादिव्याधौ प्रयतेत॥१८॥
Based on Acharya Sushruta, all of the illnesses (which have been detailed earlier via chapter 1 and 24) and every of those illnesses are of three varieties. They’re –
1. Sadhya Vyadhi – curable illnesses
2. Yapya Vyadhi – illnesses that are controllable / manageable however not completely curable
3. Pratyakhyeya Vyadhis – incurable / reject-able illnesses
Examination of those three illnesses – These three sorts of illnesses ought to as soon as once more be examined. That is to find out to which among the many under talked about classes they belong to.
– Upasarga – secondary illnesses
– Prak-kevala – major illnesses or
– Anya laksana – signs apart from its personal
This additionally means to inform that each one the above mentioned illnesses i.e. Sadhya, Yapya for Pratyakhyeya kind of illnesses belong to at least one among the many Upasarga, Prakkevala or Anya Lakshana classes.
Now, we are going to perceive about these three classes of illnesses.
1. Upasarga Vyadhi
Generally, a illness or situation manifests after the primary illness has manifested. Such a illness which happens after the primary illness known as Upasarga. The Upasarga develops a lot later than the prevailing (already manifested) illness and after that it stays together with the primary present illness.
Since Upasarga branches out from the primary illness or happens as an impact of the primary illness, it is usually known as as Upadrava i.e. problems of a illness or related secondary illness.
2. Prakkevala Vyadhi
Prak-kevala Vyadhi is reverse of Upasarga. Generally, a illness or situation happens sooner than the primary illness i.e. the illness which manifests later.
So, Prak-kevala happens first and after that the primary illness will get manifested. This situation doesn’t have Purvarupas i.e. premonitory signs. Prak-kevala may also not have Upadravas i.e. problems.
3. Anya Lakshana
Generally a illness or situation which signifies {that a} illness will probably be manifesting within the close to future. They’re known as Anya Lakshanas. Anya Lakshanas are also referred to as Purvarupas – the premonitory signs of a illness.
From remedy perspective
When the primary illness and its Upasarga / Upadrava i.e. problems coexist or when a complication is related to the primary illness, each these situations shall be handled in such a means that there isn’t a interference with one another.
However, if the problems are extreme in nature, they need to be addressed first. Later, the first illness must be handled as required, appropriately.
In case of Anya Lakshana – the first illness itself must be handled first.
Acharya Sushruta additionally says,
नास्ति रोगो विना दोषैर्यस्मात्तस्माद्विचक्षणः ।
अनुक्तमपि दोषाणं लिङ्गैर्व्याधिमुपाचरेत् ॥१९॥
All of the illnesses are brought on by aggravated doshas, as a rule. No illness is manifested with out the involvement of doshas. Due to this fact, a clever doctor ought to establish the concerned dosha or doshas concerned within the pathogenesis of a illness, despite them not being talked about and will deal with them promptly.
