Article by Dr Raghuram Y.S. MD (Ay) & Dr Manasa, B.A.M.S
Distension of the stomach is defined within the title of ‘adhmana’ in Ayurveda texts. It’s a vata vyadhi. There may be one other variant of adhmana which known as ‘pratyadhmana’.
Whereas adhmana is a pure vataja situation, pratyadhmana is a vata situation related to kapha. Adhmana begins from the colon whereas pratyadhmana has its origin from the abdomen.
It is rather important to grasp the variations between these two circumstances in order that correct therapy may be initiated.
Adhmana and Pratyadhmana are two totally different circumstances which have been defined briefly within the context of Vata Vyadhi.
So, each these circumstances are attributable to aggravated vata, are particular circumstances attributable to vata and therefore qualify to be known as as Vata Vyadhis. They’re additionally variants of one another.
We discover a small description about these circumstances in a verse or two. The administration too has not been laid out in element. However after we undergo the outline of those two circumstances, we sense that all of us would have skilled these circumstances and the signs therein a couple of occasions in our lifetime. So, they aren’t unusual circumstances.
These circumstances should not so extreme that one would take into account visiting the physician to take medical opinion or bear therapy via medicines or therapies as such. So, there are probabilities that one ignores these circumstances or takes some residence treatments or recognized over-the-counter medicines to fight the signs as and once they happen.
The actual drawback is once they run a protracted course and turn into power sufficient to disturb us. Subsequently, understanding these circumstances is essential.
On this article allow us to attempt to perceive these variants, differential understanding and ideas of administration.
Adhmana and Pratyadhmana
Adhmana means distension. If not specified, adhmana means ‘distension of the stomach’ attributable to vata. It presents with distension of the stomach.
Adhmana
साटोपमत्युग्ररुजमाध्मातमुदरं भृशम् ।।
आध्मानमिति जानीयाद्धोरं वातनिरोधजम् ।।८८ ।।
Adhmana is a situation attributable to aggravated vata. It presents with extreme distension of the stomach.
Primary Symptom – Extreme distension of the stomach is the principle symptom of adhmana. The title of the illness itself is descriptive of its essential symptom.
Related signs –
– Atopa – gurgling sounds or noises within the stomach
– Ati ugra rujam – extreme ache within the stomach / colic
Causes –
Any vata aggravating causes consumed for lengthy durations of time, within the type of meals or actions which enhance vata could cause adhmana, similar to it causes different vata problems. However a selected trigger has been highlighted within the description of the illness. The trigger is ‘vata nirodhajam’ i.e. routine suppression of the urge to expel the fart or flatus. So, this situation is widespread in these individuals who forcibly cease the urge to expel the fart, when it happens. This causes the fart and gases to be held again within the stomach. This could irritate vata and trigger a situation known as as ‘adhovata avarodhaja udavarta’ whereby the vata aggravated as a result of forcible withholding of fart urge would transfer in upward course and trigger troublesome signs. This may occasionally not occur in those that maintain the fart reflex a couple of times or sometimes with out their data or as a degree of compulsion, however will certainly happen in those that are habituated to the identical.
‘Adho vata nirodha’ will also be an impact of the illness. Step by step the colon will be taught to not expel the flatus.
Adhmana is alleged to be in a dreadful situation and wishes medical consideration on the quickest.
Pratyadhmana
विमुक्तपार्श्वहृदयं तदेवामाशयोत्थितम् ।।
प्रत्याध्मानं विजानीयात् कफव्याकुलितानिलम् ।।८९ ।
As mentioned, Pratyadhmana is a variant of Adhmana. Right here additionally there may be distension of the stomach. Seeing its origin, we are able to take into account it to be an ‘higher stomach distension’.
Acharya Sushruta makes use of the phrases ‘tadeva’ which implies ‘the identical adhmana’, which clarifies that each are comparable circumstances manifest in barely alternative ways.
Pathogenesis – When the identical adhmana commences within the amashaya i.e. abdomen, sparing the area of coronary heart and flanks, it’s known as as Pratyadhmana. This situation known as vata in affiliation with kapha.
Signs – The signs of pratyadhmana haven’t been specified however since ‘tadeva’ phrase has been used, we are able to infer the signs as –
– Atopa – gurgling sounds within the higher stomach, within the area of abdomen
– Ati ugra rujam – extreme ache within the area of abdomen i.e. higher stomach
Variations between Adhmana and Pratyadhmana
| Adhmana | Pratyadhmana |
| Distension happens within the decrease a part of the stomach, involving colon | Distension happens within the higher a part of the stomach, involving abdomen |
| Origin is pakvashaya – colon | Origin is amashaya – abdomen |
| Attributable to ‘solely vata’ | Attributable to vata related to kapha |
| Particular trigger ‘vata nirodha’ has been talked about | No particular causes have been highlighted |
| Sounds and ache are felt within the decrease a part of the stomach | Sounds and ache are felt within the higher a part of the stomach |
| Kapha signs like heaviness of stomach and many others should not discovered | Although not described textually, kapha signs are discovered |
| Remedy shall be performed on the strains of treating vata vyadhi chikitsa | Remedy shall be performed on the strains of vata vyadhi chikitsa, giving significance to related kapha |
Remedy Rules of Adhmana and Pratyadhmana
आध्मानेत्वपतर्पणपाणितापदीपनचूर्णफलवर्तिक्रियापाचनीयदीपनीयबस्तिभिरुपाचरेत्;लङ्घनानन्तरंचान्नकालेधान्यकजीरकादिदीपनसिद्धान्यन्नानि।प्रत्याध्मानेछर्दनापतर्पणदीपनानिकुर्यात्।।२६।।
Nidana Parivarjanam
One ought to steer clear of all these etiological elements which might trigger enhance of vata in the long term, primarily forcible withholding of ‘fart and defecation urges’.
Vata Vyadhi Chikitsa
Basic ideas of treating ‘vata vyadhi’ shall be adopted in treating these circumstances.
Particular therapies
1. For Adhmana –
– Apatarpana – fasting, non-nutritive approaches
– Pani tapa – giving warmth to the stomach by heat fingers / palms
– Dipana churna – natural powders which might kindle digestive hearth and improve digestive capability
– Phalavarti – suppositories
– Pachana – medicines to digest ama
– Vasti – enemas
Meals processed with dhāñyaka – coriander, jīraka – cumin seeds and such different carminative herbs ought to be served after the interval of fasting.
2. For Pratyadhmana –
– Chardana – therapeutic emesis
– Apatarpana – fasting
– Deepana – medicines which might kindle the digestive hearth and therefore the digestive capability
Fashionable correlation
Whereas Adhmana may be in comparison with ‘basic tympanites’, Pratyadhmana being restricted to the abdomen area may be thought of as ‘gastric tympanites’.
